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Molded, extruded, and lathe-cut rubber mechanical goodsįabricated rubber products not elsewhere classified production workers in rubber products manufacturing: 1977, 1987, and 1989*(in thousands) Number of production workers production workers in rubber products manufacturing: 1977, 1987, and 1989 *(in thousands) Number of U.S.
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Current Exposure LimitsĪlthough the products and byproducts of tire and non tire rubber manufacturing contain hundreds of chemicals, only a small proportion of them are covered by applicable Federal occupational health standards.
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workers were employed in tire and inner tube production, and 132,500 workers were employed in the manufacture of non tire rubber products (Standard Industrial Classifications 3021, 3052, 3053, 3061, and 3069 note that SICs 30 include plastic products and cannot be subdivided ). For example, in 1989, approximately 54,600 U.S. The rubber products manufacturing industry employs a considerable number of workers. Health scientists have been challenged to define these exposures and work conditions when investigating the health of rubber products workers. Physical hazards such as noise, repetitive motion, and lifting may also be present.
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Workers may be exposed to these hazards through inhalation and skin absorption during rubber processing and product manufacturing. As a result, the work environment may be contaminated with dusts, gases, vapors, fumes, and chemical byproducts (e.g., Nnitrosamines). However, production of these items involves subjecting heterogeneous mixtures of hundreds of chemicals to heat, pressure, and catalytic action during a variety of manufacturing processes. Rubber products such as automobile tires, automotive and appliance moldings, rubber bands, rubber gloves, and prophylactics are an important part of modern life. This Special NIOSH Hazard Review summarizes the adverse health effects of worker exposures in the rubber products industry it also examines research needed to assess and prevent these effects. Most of the chemicals found in these industries have not been tested for carcinogenicity or toxicity, nor do they have Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limits (PELs) or National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limits (RELs). Most of these excess deaths cannot be attributed to a specific chemical because (1) workplace exposures involve many individual chemicals and combinations, and (2) changes occur in chemical formulations. Many epidemiologic studies have reported excess deaths from bladder, stomach, lung, hematopoietic, and other cancers among tire and non tire rubber products workers. Epidemiologic, toxicologic, and industrial hygiene studies are needed to assess the risk of cancer and other adverse health effects for rubber products workers. The adverse health effects cannot be attributed to a single chemical or group of chemicals because workplace exposures vary greatly and chemical formulations change frequently. These workers may also risk adverse respiratory effects, dermatologic effects, reproductive effects, injuries, and repetitive trauma disorders. Special NIOSH Hazard Reviews are distributed to the occupational health community at large-industries, trade associations, unions, and members of the academic and scientific communities.Įxcess deaths from bladder, stomach, lung, hematopoietic, and other cancers have occurred among workers involved in the manufacture of rubber products. These documents deal with hazards that merit research and concern from the scientific community even though they are not currently suitable for comprehensive review in a criteria document or a Current Intelligence Bulletin. This strategy includes the development of Special NIOSH Hazard Reviews, which support and complement the major standards development and hazard documentation activities of the Institute. To fulfill this need, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed a strategy for disseminating information that will help employers to protect their workers from workplace hazards. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 emphasizes the need for standards to protect the health and safety of American workers.